Para la mayoría de los contratos internacionales, Las cláusulas modelo de arbitraje redactadas por instituciones arbitrales son suficientes para garantizar un procedimiento arbitral flexible y que funcione sin problemas en caso de que surja una disputa.. Las cláusulas modelo de arbitraje se han utilizado en miles de arbitrajes y se han probado en batalla., proporcionar una redacción que es muy poco probable que cree problemas jurisdiccionales. Para eliminar una disputa comercial de un sistema judicial nacional y someterla a arbitraje en caso de que surja una disputa, todo lo que generalmente se requiere es copiar y pegar una cláusula modelo de arbitraje en un contrato internacional.
En el pasado, era necesario insertar reglas de arbitraje aceleradas en los contratos para garantizar procedimientos de arbitraje simplificados para disputas más pequeñas. La situación ha cambiado en la última década., sin embargo, como muchas instituciones arbitrales importantes, como el ICC, SCC, SIAC, HKIAC e ICDR, han integrado los procedimientos de arbitraje acelerado de exclusión voluntaria en sus reglas de arbitraje, proporcionando automáticamente procedimientos de arbitraje simplificados para disputas menores. Por ejemplo, Las Disposiciones de Procedimiento Acelerado de la CPI se aplican automáticamente a las disputas donde (1) el acuerdo de arbitraje fue acordado después 1 marzo 2017, (2) el monto en disputa es USD 2,000,000 o menos y (3) las partes no se han excluido de las Reglas de Procedimiento Acelerado de la CPI.
Abajo, encontrará cláusulas modelo para las principales instituciones de arbitraje internacional del mundo, actual a partir de marzo 2019.
Asociación Americana de Arbitraje (AAA) / Centro internacional para la resolución de disputas (ICDR)
El ICDR es la subdivisión de la AAA que administra disputas internacionales.. Para arbitraje ICDR, la cláusula modelo dice:
“Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach thereof, shall be determined by arbitration administered by the International Centre for Dispute Resolution in accordance with its International Arbitration Rules.”
Instituto de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio de Estocolmo (SCC)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce.”
Centro Australiano de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional (ACICA)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the ACICA Arbitration Rules.”
Comisión de Arbitraje de Beijing (BAC)
“All disputes arising from or in connection with this contract shall be submitted to Beijing Arbitration Commission / Beijing International Arbitration Center for arbitration in accordance with its rules of arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
Centro Regional de El Cairo para Arbitraje Comercial Internacional (CRCICA)
Cláusula modelo de arbitraje:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, its interpretation, execution, the termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.”
Cámara de Arbitraje Nacional e Internacional de Milán – "CÁMARA ARBITRAL MILÁN" (LEVA)
“All disputes – included those of not contractual nature – arising out of, related or connected to this agreement shall be settled by arbitration under the Rules of the Milan Chamber of Arbitration (the Rules), by a sole arbitrator / three arbitrators, appointed in accordance with the Rules, which are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.”
Comisión de Arbitraje Económico y Comercial Internacional de China (CIETAC)
“Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the CIETAC’s arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
Tribunal de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio de Polonia - “Tribunal de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio de Polonia” (SAKIG)
“Any disputes arising out of or related to this agreement shall be finally settled under the Arbitration Rules of the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce in force on the date of commencement of the proceeding by an arbitrator or arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
Corte de Arbitraje Comercial Internacional adscrita a la Cámara de Comercio e Industria de Rumania (CICA)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the present contract, including with respect to its conclusion, nullity, interpretation, performance or termination thereof shall be resolved by final arbitration organized by the Court of International Commercial Arbitration of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania, in accordance with its Arbitration Rules. The award shall be final, binding and enforceable.”
Tribunal de Justicia y Arbitraje (CCJA / Ohada)
“Tous différends découlant du présent contrat ou en relation avec celui-ci seront tranchés définitivement suivant les dispositions titre IV du Traité relatif à l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique et le Règlement d’arbitrage de la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage de l’OHADA par un ou plusieurs arbitres nommés conformément à ces textes.”
Centro de Arbitraje Internacional de Dubai (DEAC)
“Any dispute arising out of the formation, performance, interpretation, nullification, termination or invalidation of this contract or arising therefrom or related thereto in any manner whatsoever, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the provisions set forth under the DIAC Arbitration Rules (“the Rules”), by one or more arbitrators appointed in compliance with the Rules.”
Institución Alemana de Arbitraje (DIS)
“(1) All disputes arising out of or in connection with this contract or its validity shall be finally settled in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) without recourse to the ordinary courts of law. (2) The arbitral tribunal shall be comprised of [please enter “a sole arbitrator” or “three members”]. (3) The seat of the arbitration is [please enter city and country]. (4) The language of the arbitration shall be [please enter language of the arbitration]. (5) The rules of law applicable to the merits shall be [please enter law or rules of law].”
Centro de Arbitraje Internacional de Hong Kong (HKIAC)
“Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including the existence, validity, interpretation, performance, breach or termination thereof or any dispute regarding non-contractual obligations arising out of or relating to it shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) under the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules in force when the Notice of Arbitration is submitted. The law of this arbitration clause shall be [law]. The seat of arbitration shall be [City]. The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in [language].”
Centro Internacional de Solución de Controversias de Inversión (CIADI)
“The [Government]/[name of constituent subdivision or agency] of name of Contracting State (hereinafter the “Host State”) and name of investor (hereinafter the “Investor”) hereby consent to submit to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (hereinafter the “Centre”) any6 dispute arising out of or relating to this agreement for settlement by [conciliation]/[arbitration]/[conciliation followed, if the dispute remains unresolved within time limit of the communication of the report of the Conciliation Commission to the parties, by arbitration] pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (hereinafter the “Convention”).”
Corte de Arbitraje Internacional de Londres (AICV)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the LCIA Rules, which Rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause. The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]. The seat, or legal place, of arbitration shall be [City and/or Country]. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [ ]. The governing law of the contract shall be the substantive law of [ ].”
Centro de arbitraje internacional de Singapur (SIAC)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC”) in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC Rules”) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause.”
Institución de arbitraje de las cámaras suizas (velcro)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of, or in relation to, this contract, including the validity, invalidity, breach, or termination thereof, shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration of the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution in force on the date on which the Notice of Arbitration is submitted in accordance with these Rules. The number of arbitrators shall be … [“one”,” three”, “one or three”]. The seat of the arbitration shall be … [name of city in Switzerland, unless the parties agree on a city in another country]. The arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in … [insert desired language].”
Centro Arbitral Internacional de Viena (MÁS)
“All disputes or claims arising out of or in connection with this contract, including disputes relating to its validity, breach, termination or nullity, shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration (Vienna Rules) of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber by one or three arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) Centro de Arbitraje y Mediación
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising under, out of or relating to this contract and any subsequent amendments of this contract, including, without limitation, its formation, validity, binding effect, interpretation, performance, breach or termination, as well as non-contractual claims, shall be referred to and finally determined by arbitration in accordance with the WIPO Arbitration Rules. The arbitral tribunal shall consist of [a sole arbitrator][three arbitrators]. The place of arbitration shall be [specify place]. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [specify language]. The dispute, controversy or claim shall be decided in accordance with the law of [specify jurisdiction].”