Pentru majoritatea contractelor internaționale, clauzele model de arbitraj redactate de instituțiile arbitrale sunt suficiente pentru a asigura o procedură arbitrală funcțională și flexibilă în cazul apariției unei dispute. Clauzele de arbitraj model au fost utilizate în mii de arbitrajuri și sunt testate în luptă, oferind o formulare care este foarte puțin probabil să creeze probleme de jurisdicție. Pentru a elimina o dispută comercială dintr-un sistem judiciar intern și pentru a o supune arbitrajului în cazul apariției unei dispute, tot ce este necesar în general este să copiați și să lipiți o clauză de arbitraj model într-un contract internațional.
În trecut, a fost necesară introducerea unor reguli de arbitraj rapide în contracte pentru a asigura o procedură de arbitraj simplificată pentru litigiile mai mici. Situația s-a schimbat în ultimul deceniu, in orice caz, la fel de multe instituții arbitrale majore, cum ar fi ICC, SCC, SIAC, HKIAC și ICDR, au integrat procedurile de arbitraj accelerate de renunțare la regulile de arbitraj, asigurând automat procedurile de arbitraj simplificate pentru litigiile mai mici. De exemplu, Dispozițiile de procedură expediate ale ICC se aplică automat litigiilor în care (1) acordul de arbitraj a fost convenit după 1 Martie 2017, (2) suma în litigiu este de USD 2,000,000 sau mai puțin și (3) părțile nu au renunțat la Regulile de procedură expediate ale ICC.
De mai jos, veți găsi clauze model pentru principalele instituții internaționale de arbitraj, curentă din martie 2019.
Asociatia Americana de Arbitraj (AAA) / Centrul internațional de soluționare a litigiilor (ICDR)
ICDR este subdiviziunea AAA care administrează litigiile internaționale. Pentru arbitrajul ICDR, clauza model citește:
“Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach thereof, shall be determined by arbitration administered by the International Centre for Dispute Resolution in accordance with its International Arbitration Rules.”
Institutul de Arbitraj al Camerei de Comerț din Stockholm (SCC)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce.”
Centrul australian de arbitraj comercial internațional (ACICA)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of, relating to or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the ACICA Arbitration Rules.”
Comisia de arbitraj din Beijing (LAC)
“All disputes arising from or in connection with this contract shall be submitted to Beijing Arbitration Commission / Beijing International Arbitration Center for arbitration in accordance with its rules of arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
Cairo Centrul Regional de Arbitraj Comercial Internațional (CRCICA)
Modelul clauzei de arbitraj:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, its interpretation, execution, the termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.”
Camera de Arbitraj Național și Internațional Milano – „MILANUL CAMERA ARBITRALĂ” (CAM)
“All disputes – included those of not contractual nature – arising out of, related or connected to this agreement shall be settled by arbitration under the Rules of the Milan Chamber of Arbitration (the Rules), by a sole arbitrator / three arbitrators, appointed in accordance with the Rules, which are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.”
Comisia Internațională de Arbitraj economic și comercial din China (CIETAC)
“Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the CIETAC’s arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
Curtea de Arbitraj a Camerei de Comerț din Polonia - “Curtea de Arbitraj la Camera de Comerț din Polonia” (KIG)
“Any disputes arising out of or related to this agreement shall be finally settled under the Arbitration Rules of the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce in force on the date of commencement of the proceeding by an arbitrator or arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
Curtea de Arbitraj Comercial Internațional de pe lângă Camera de Comerț și Industrie a României (CICA)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the present contract, including with respect to its conclusion, nullity, interpretation, performance or termination thereof shall be resolved by final arbitration organized by the Court of International Commercial Arbitration of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania, in accordance with its Arbitration Rules. The award shall be final, binding and enforceable.”
Curtea de Justiție și Arbitraj (CCJA / Ohada)
“Tous différends découlant du présent contrat ou en relation avec celui-ci seront tranchés définitivement suivant les dispositions titre IV du Traité relatif à l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique et le Règlement d’arbitrage de la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage de l’OHADA par un ou plusieurs arbitres nommés conformément à ces textes.”
Centrul Internațional de Arbitraj din Dubai (DIAC)
“Any dispute arising out of the formation, performance, interpretation, nullification, termination or invalidation of this contract or arising therefrom or related thereto in any manner whatsoever, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the provisions set forth under the DIAC Arbitration Rules (“the Rules”), by one or more arbitrators appointed in compliance with the Rules.”
Instituția Germană de Arbitraj (DIS)
“(1) All disputes arising out of or in connection with this contract or its validity shall be finally settled in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) without recourse to the ordinary courts of law. (2) The arbitral tribunal shall be comprised of [please enter “a sole arbitrator” or “three members”]. (3) The seat of the arbitration is [please enter city and country]. (4) The language of the arbitration shall be [please enter language of the arbitration]. (5) The rules of law applicable to the merits shall be [please enter law or rules of law].”
Centrul Internațional de Arbitraj din Hong Kong (HKIAC)
“Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including the existence, validity, interpretation, performance, breach or termination thereof or any dispute regarding non-contractual obligations arising out of or relating to it shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) under the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules in force when the Notice of Arbitration is submitted. The law of this arbitration clause shall be [law]. The seat of arbitration shall be [City]. The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in [language].”
Centrul internațional de soluționare a litigiilor de investiții (ICSID)
“The [Government]/[name of constituent subdivision or agency] of name of Contracting State (hereinafter the “Host State”) and name of investor (hereinafter the “Investor”) hereby consent to submit to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (hereinafter the “Centre”) any6 dispute arising out of or relating to this agreement for settlement by [conciliation]/[arbitration]/[conciliation followed, if the dispute remains unresolved within time limit of the communication of the report of the Conciliation Commission to the parties, by arbitration] pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (hereinafter the “Convention”).”
Curtea de Arbitraj Internațional din Londra (LCIA)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the LCIA Rules, which Rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause. The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]. The seat, or legal place, of arbitration shall be [City and/or Country]. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [ ]. The governing law of the contract shall be the substantive law of [ ].”
Centrul Internațional de Arbitraj din Singapore (SIAC)
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC”) in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC Rules”) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause.”
Instituția de arbitraj elvețiană de camere (SCAI)
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of, or in relation to, this contract, including the validity, invalidity, breach, or termination thereof, shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration of the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution in force on the date on which the Notice of Arbitration is submitted in accordance with these Rules. The number of arbitrators shall be … [“one”,” three”, “one or three”]. The seat of the arbitration shall be … [name of city in Switzerland, unless the parties agree on a city in another country]. The arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in … [insert desired language].”
Centrul Arbitral Internațional din Viena (MAI MULT)
“All disputes or claims arising out of or in connection with this contract, including disputes relating to its validity, breach, termination or nullity, shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration (Vienna Rules) of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber by one or three arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
Organizația Mondială a Proprietății Intelectuale (OMPI) Centrul de arbitraj și mediere
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising under, out of or relating to this contract and any subsequent amendments of this contract, including, without limitation, its formation, validity, binding effect, interpretation, performance, breach or termination, as well as non-contractual claims, shall be referred to and finally determined by arbitration in accordance with the WIPO Arbitration Rules. The arbitral tribunal shall consist of [a sole arbitrator][three arbitrators]. The place of arbitration shall be [specify place]. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [specify language]. The dispute, controversy or claim shall be decided in accordance with the law of [specify jurisdiction].”