For the majority of international contracts, the model arbitration clauses issued by leading arbitral institutions are sufficient to ensure an efficient, flexible, and reliable arbitral process in the event of a dispute. These clauses have been applied in thousands of cases and are well-tested, providing language that minimises the risk of jurisdictional issues. To remove a commercial dispute from the jurisdiction of domestic courts and submit it to arbitration, it is typically enough to insert a model arbitration clause directly into a contract. The primary advantage is that arbitration awards are generally far easier to enforce worldwide than court judgments.
Historically, parties drafting contracts often included specific fast-track arbitration provisions to guarantee expedited resolution of smaller disputes. Over the past decade, however, most of the world’s leading arbitral institutions – including the ICC, SCC, SIAC, HKIAC, and ICDR – have incorporated opt-out expedited procedures into their rules. As a result, streamlined arbitration is now often automatically available for smaller disputes, without the need for bespoke contractual language.
Set out below are the model arbitration clauses of the world’s major international arbitral institutions, last updated as of October 2025.
AAA (USA) – American Arbitration Association
The AAA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration administered by the American Arbitration Association in accordance with its Commercial Arbitration Rules and judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.”
AIAC (Malaysia) – Asian International Arbitration Centre
The AIAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the AIAC Arbitration Rules.”
BAC (Beijing, China) – Beijing Arbitration Commission
The BAC model arbitration clauses read as follows:
“All disputes arising from or in connection with this contract shall be submitted to Beijing Arbitration Commission / Beijing International Arbitration Center for arbitration in accordance with its rules of arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
CAM (Italy) – Chamber of Arbitration of Milan
The CAM model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“All disputes – included those of not contractual nature – arising out of, related or connected to this agreement shall be settled by arbitration under the Rules of the Chamber of Arbitration of Milan (the Rules), by a sole arbitrator/three arbitrators, appointed in accordance with the Rules, which are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.”
CAM-CCBC (Brazil-Canada) – Center for Arbitration and Mediation of the Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada
The CAM-CCBC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the present contract, including its interpretation or performance, shall be finally settled by arbitration, administered by the Center for Arbitration and Mediation of the Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada (“CAM-CCBC”), under its Rules and the Arbitral Tribunal shall consist of [one(1)/three(3)] arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
CAM Santiago (Chile) – Santiago Arbitration and Mediation Centre
The CAM Santiago model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity, interpretation, performance or termination, shall be submitted to the decision of [one arbitrator / three arbitrators], with the administration of the arbitration being entrusted to the Madrid International Arbitration Centre – Ibero-American Arbitration Centre (“CIAM-CIAR” or “Centre”), in accordance with its Rules in force on the date of submission of the request for arbitration. The arbitration shall be [at law / in equity] as to the merits of the dispute. The language of the arbitration shall be [language]. The place of arbitration shall be [city].”
CIETAC (China) – China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
The CIETAC model arbitration clauses read as follows:
Model Arbitration Clause (1)
“Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the CIETAC’s arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
Model Arbitration Clause (2)
“Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) _________ Sub-Commission (Arbitration Center) for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the CIETAC’s arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.”
CRCICA (Egypt) – Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration
The CRCICA model arbitration clauses read as follows:
CRCICA Model Arbitration Clause for Future Disputes
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including but not limited to its interpretation, execution, the termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.”
Model Arbitration Agreement for Existing Dispute
“The undersigned parties hereby agree to submit their dispute arising out of [name/date of the Contract, if any] and relating to [the description of the disputed issues], to final determination by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.”
DIAC (UAE) – Dubai International Arbitration Centre
The DIAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the Arbitration Rules of the Dubai International Arbitration Centre, which Rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.”
DIS (Germany) – German Arbitration Institute
The DIS model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“All disputes arising out of or in connection with this contract or its validity shall be finally settled in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the German Arbitration Institute (DIS) without recourse to the ordinary courts of law.”
HKIAC (Hong Kong) – Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre
The HKIAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including the existence, validity, interpretation, performance, breach or termination thereof or any dispute regarding non-contractual obligations arising out of or relating to it shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) under the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules in force when the Notice of Arbitration is submitted.”
ICAC (Ukraine) – International Commercial Arbitration Court
The ICAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, including the conclusion, interpretation, execution, breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in accordance with its Rules.”
ICC – International Chamber of Commerce
The ICC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“All disputes arising out of or in connection with the present contract shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”
ICSID – International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
The ICSID model arbitration clauses read as follows:
Consent in Respect of Future Disputes
“The [Government]/[name of constituent subdivision or agency] of name of Contracting State (hereinafter the “Host State”) and name of investor (hereinafter the “Investor”) hereby consent to submit to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (hereinafter the “Centre”) any dispute arising out of or relating to this agreement for settlement by [conciliation]/[arbitration]/[conciliation followed, if the dispute remains unresolved within time limit of the communication of the report of the Conciliation Commission to the parties, by arbitration] pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (hereinafter the “Convention”).”
Consent in Respect of Existing Disputes
“The [Government]/[name of constituent subdivision or agency] of name of Contracting State (hereinafter the “Host State”) and name of investor (hereinafter the “Investor”) hereby consent to submit to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (hereinafter the “Centre”) for settlement by [conciliation]/[arbitration]/[conciliation followed, if the dispute remains unresolved within time limit of the communication of the report of the Conciliation Commission to the parties, by arbitration] pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, the following dispute arising out of the investment described below: …”
JCAA (Japan) – Japan Commercial Arbitration Association
The JCAA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“All disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Interactive Arbitration Rules of The Japan Commercial Arbitration Association. The place of the arbitration shall be Tokyo, Japan.”
KCAB (Korea) – Korean Commercial Arbitration Board
The KCAB model arbitration clauses read as follows:
Model Clause for Future Disputes
“Any disputes out of or in connection with this contract shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the International Arbitration Rules of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board.
The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]
The seat, or legal place, of arbitral proceedings shall be [Seoul/Republic of Korea]
The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [language].”
Model Agreement for Existing Disputes
“We, the undersigned parties, hereby agree that the following dispute shall be referred to and finally determined by arbitration in accordance with the KCAB International Arbitration Rules: [brief description of the dispute]
The number of arbitrators shall be [one/three]
The seat, or legal place, of arbitral proceedings shall be [Seoul/Republic of Korea]
The language to be used in the arbitral proceeding shall be [language].”
KIAC (Rwanda) – Kigali International Arbitration Centre
The KIAC model arbitration clauses read as follows:
Future Disputes
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its validity or termination shall be referred to or resolved by arbitration under the KIAC Rules.”
Existing Disputes
“A dispute having arisen between the parties concerning (…..), the parties hereby agree that the dispute shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the KIAC rules.”
LCIA (UK) – London Court of International Arbitration
The LCIA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the LCIA Rules, which Rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.”
MCIA (India) – Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration
The MCIA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the MCIA (“MCIA Rules”), which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause.”
Permanent Arbitration Court (Hungary)
The PAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“In the event of any dispute arising from or in connection with the present contract, so especially with its breach, termination, validity or interpretation, the parties exclude the state court procedure and agree to submit the matter to the exclusive and final decision of the Permanent Arbitration Court attached to the Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Commercial Arbitration Court Budapest). The Arbitration Court proceeds in accordance with its own Rules of Proceedings (supplemented without the provisions of the Sub-Rules of Expedited Proceedings). The number of arbitrators shall be … (three/one) and the language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be ……. (e.g. Hungarian, German, English). The parties exclude the possibility of the retrial of the proceedings as regulated in Section IX of Act no. LX of 2017 on Arbitration. In order to settle the legal dispute the ……. substantive law shall apply, excluding its private international law rules.”
PCA – Permanent Court of Arbitration
The PCA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the PCA Arbitration Rules 2012.”
PCC (Poland) – Polish Chamber of Commerce
The PCC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract shall be finally decided by an arbitral tribunal in accordance with the arbitration rules of the Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce in Warsaw in force on the date of commencement of the proceedings.
The language of the proceedings shall be [ ].
The place of the proceedings shall be [ ].”
QICCA (Qatar) – Qatar International Center for Conciliation and Arbitration
The QICCA model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any disputes or controversies arising out of or having a connection with this contract, including, inter alia, the existence, execution, interpretation, termination or validity of the contract, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration of the Qatar International Center for Conciliation and Arbitration in force at the time of submitting the notice of arbitration by _ arbitrator(s) appointed in accordance with the said rules.”
Swiss Arbitration Centre (Switzerland)
The Swiss Arbitration Centre model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy, or claim arising out of, or in relation to, this contract, including regarding the validity, invalidity, breach, or termination thereof, shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration of the Swiss Arbitration Centre in force on the date on which the Notice of Arbitration is submitted in accordance with those Rules.”
SCC (Sweden) – Stockholm Chamber of Commerce
The SCC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the SCC Arbitration Institute.”
SIAC (Singapore) – Singapore International Arbitration Centre
The SIAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC”) in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (“SIAC Rules”) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause.
The seat of the arbitration shall be [Singapore].
The Tribunal shall consist of _________________ arbitrator(s).
The language of the arbitration shall be ________________.
The law governing this arbitration agreement shall be _________.”
UNCITRAL – United Nations Commission On International Trade Law
The UNCITRAL model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules.”
VIAC (Austria) – Vienna International Arbitral Centre
The VIAC model arbitration clause reads as follows:
“All disputes or claims arising out of or in connection with this contract, including disputes relating to its validity, breach, termination or nullity, shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration (Vienna Rules) of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber by one or three arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said Rules.”