Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the “AI Act”), approved by the Council of the European Union on 21 May 2024[1] and entered into force on 1 August 2024,[2] is a regulation on artificial intelligence (“AI”) that establishes extensive legal requirements in relation to AI systems classified as “high-risk”.[3] In support of the AI Act, the European Commission […]
Foreign-Seated Corporate Arbitration Clauses in Italian Companies
On 4 April 2025, the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, First Civil Chamber (the “Court”), delivered Judgment No. 8911/2025 in the dispute between Ferruccio Rossi (“Rossi”) and Ferretti S.p.A. (“Ferretti”). The case presented, for the first time at cassation level, a question of significant practical importance: may the articles of association of an Italian-law company validly […]
No Easy Exit from an Arbitral Award
Winning an arbitration does not necessarily end a dispute. Where an award debtor refuses to pay and is alleged to have moved assets through foreign corporate structures, the real contest may begin only after the tribunal has rendered its decision. On 7 August 2026, the High Court of Justice, Commercial Court addressed the issue. The […]
Investment Arbitration: The Case Against a Standing Investment Court
A standing investment court is a permanent tribunal currently being conceived by States to decide investor-State disputes. Its members would be appointed in advance, and cases would be assigned to them from a fixed bench. The concern is that this could concentrate decision-making power in a small group of State-appointed judges while reducing the parties’ […]
Saudi Arbitration: What the 2026 SCCA Country Report Shows
Saudi Arabia’s arbitration framework is entering a new phase. The Country Report of the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (“SCCA”), published in July 2026 (“Report”), analyses 967 Court of Appeal decisions issued between January 2023 and June 2025 and compares the Saudi Arbitration Law with the UNCITRAL Model Law and the proposed Draft Saudi Arbitration […]