The taxation of damages in international arbitration awards should be a significant consideration for any party embroiled in an arbitrable dispute. According to Keller and Leikin, the average tax liability in cases heard before tribunals established under the International Convention for Settlement of Investment Disputes (the “ICSID”) is an eye-watering USD 16-38.5 million.[1] Nevertheless, the […]
Loan Agreements and International Arbitration
Globalisation led the world to make international transactions and cross-border loan agreements. Any breach could not be resolved solely locally. The need for an international solution evolved. The only method that could end international confusion appeared to be arbitration. Thus, international arbitration is increasingly recognised as a preferred forum for resolving disputes concerning international loan […]
Arbitration in North Macedonia
North Macedonia, a dynamic and evolving jurisdiction in Southeast Europe, is governed by a legal framework that aims to facilitate dispute resolution in both commercial and investment contexts. The arbitration regime in North Macedonia was enhanced when, in 2006, the North Macedonian government passed a new modern law, the International Commercial Arbitration Act. This legislation […]
Compliance with ICSID Awards
Established under the ICSID Convention, ICSID operates independently of local legal systems, providing an autonomous legal framework for dispute resolution. Compliance with ICSID Awards refers to the obligation of parties to adhere to and satisfy the terms of an ICSID award, typically through payment of monetary damages, specific performance, or other remedies ordered by the […]
Arbitration of Shareholder Disputes
Shareholder arbitration is a mechanism that permits parties to resolve shareholder-related disputes. Arbitration of shareholder disputes allows parties to resolve their conflicts outside of courts, using neutral arbitration, in an efficient and confidential way. There is a wide range of disputes that emerge between shareholders and between shareholders and the company, including disputes related to: […]