Bank Guarantees are a common feature of international construction contracts. Bank Guarantees are typically used as a security for one party’s (usually the contractor’s) performance of its contractual obligations. Bank Guarantees frequently play a central role in construction disputes as well – either as an important aspect of background facts of the dispute or as […]
Arbitration in Japan
Japan is a pro-arbitration country with a number of arbitral institutions and organizations. The most commonly used institution for commercial arbitration is the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (the “JCAA”).[1] Its Arbitration Rules were recently amended in order to make arbitration more useful and affordable for parties.[2] Civil and Commercial Arbitration in Japan Civil and commercial […]
Lost Profits in Investment Arbitration
It is common in investment arbitration that investors seek to recover the profits they claim to have lost as a consequence of one or more internationally wrongful acts perpetrated by a host State of foreign investment. Historically, in assessing damages there has been a distinction between damnum emergens (actual losses) and lucrum cessans (loss of […]
Consent to Arbitration Based on Investment Codes
In international arbitration, consent to arbitration can be expressed in different forms, including in domestic laws. While it is widely recognized that States can commit themselves by way of international treaties (or by virtue of contracts covering future disputes), States can also give their consent to arbitration based on investment codes. Due to the significant […]
Russian Sanctions and Arbitration: Analysis of New Russian Law Transferring Exclusive Jurisdiction to State Courts
Six years after the introduction of Russian sanctions by the United States and the European Union, the Russian Parliament has adopted a new law to allow sanctioned Russian entities to avoid arbitration. Arbitrations against companies and individuals targeted by Russian sanctions have today been transferred to the exclusive jurisdiction of Russian State Courts by a […]