Few areas of US law are as committed to enforcing private dispute resolution as the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”). Since its enactment in 1925, the FAA has required courts to treat written arbitration agreements as “valid, irrevocable, and enforceable,” and it has repeatedly been invoked to pre-empt state laws or judicial doctrines perceived as hostile […]
ICJ Climate Advisory Opinion
On 23 July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its long-awaited Advisory Opinion Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change.[1] The opinion is widely described as a “landmark”[2] because it does two things at once: (i) it clarifies what international law already requires of States on climate change, across multiple legal regimes, […]
UK Litigation Funding After PACCAR: The Court of Appeal’s Sony v. Neill Reset and the Legislative Waiting Game
On 4 July 2025, the UK Court of Appeal delivered what the litigation funding sector had been waiting for: a practical ruling on the enforceability of litigation funding agreements (“LFAs”).[1] In Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Ltd & another v. Alex Neill Class Representative Ltd (and related appeals involving Visa, Mastercard and Apple) (“Sony v. Neill”), […]
International Commercial Arbitration in Chile
International commercial arbitration in Chile is governed by a modern statutory framework based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985), as enacted through Law No. 19,971 on International Commercial Arbitration.[1] Chilean courts have consistently demonstrated a supportive and non-interventionist approach to arbitration, respecting party autonomy and the finality of arbitral awards. As […]
Production-Sharing Agreement (PSA) Arbitrations
In the extractive industries, production-sharing agreement (PSA) arbitration plays a central role in resolving disputes arising from long-term cooperation between foreign investors and host states in the oil and gas sector. Production-sharing agreements form the backbone of these relationships, and international arbitration is most commonly used to address disputes under such contracts. First developed in […]