The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) has long served as the cornerstone of the multilateral trading system, providing not only a framework for negotiating trade agreements but also a structured mechanism for resolving disputes. Central to the latter function was the WTO’s two-tier dispute settlement system, comprised of panels and the Appellate Body. However, the paralysis […]

The use of international arbitration for tariff-related disputes is becoming increasingly relevant as the Trump administration’s tariffs disrupt global supply chains, trigger commercial instability, and generate a wave of cross-border conflicts. Trump’s Tariff Policy and the Disruption of International Supply Chains Tariffs are defined as customs duties on merchandise imports.[1] They are often used to […]

In an era where data is a new form of currency, safeguarding sensitive information is an essential consideration in international arbitration. At the same time, data protection laws of the world have rapidly expanded in scope to the point that, according to Gonçalves and Brancher, “there is no area of law that is not impacted […]

Arbitration offers an alternative to going to court, allowing disputes to be resolved privately by one or more arbitrators chosen by the parties. It is often preferred for its confidentiality, speed, and the ability to appoint experts in complex or technical matters. It is also widely used for resolving cross-border disputes involving parties from different […]

International arbitration, being a private, informal, and non-judicial dispute resolution mechanism, is the preferred method for resolving cross-border disputes. By its nature, it involves parties from different jurisdictions, speaking different languages, and with diverse cultural and legal backgrounds. When these differences converge in arbitration, participants may carry contrasting expectations about how the process should unfold. […]