According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the burden of proof is “the duty of proving a disputed assertion or charge.” It is not to be confused with the standard of proof, which determines “the level of certainty and the degree of evidence necessary to establish proof in a criminal or civil proceeding.” Even though both can […]
Renewable Energy Arbitration
Climate change is one of the most concerning phenomena in today’s world. One of the tools almost every country is using to combat global warming is to incentivize the use of renewable energy sources, as opposed to the use of fossil fuels. Humanity has relied on fossil fuels without taking into consideration the long-term consequences. […]
Climate Law in Investment Arbitration – Two Sides of the Same Coin
The role of climate law in investment arbitration is a problematic issue. Even though environmental consciousness and sustainability are increasingly important in today’s world, and investment arbitration tribunals have also recently recognized the importance of adjusting investment law to support the goals of climate law, there seems to exist a clash between the two fields […]
Assessing and Forecasting Costs in Investment Arbitration
Many variables can influence the costs of investment arbitration. While the costs of parties’ counsel and the arbitral tribunal’s fees are far from trivial, other potential variables may be useful to assess and forecast the costs of investment arbitration disputes. In this post, we will explore how some variables may impact the parties’ overall costs […]
Denial of Benefits in Investment Arbitration
Many of the Multilateral and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) concluded in recent decades contain a provision often referred to as a denial of benefits clause. Examples include the Netherlands Model BIT[1], the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and Europe (CETA)[2] and most notably the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT).[3] The aim of denial of […]