Under public international law, the right to claim moral damages is enshrined in Article 31(2) of the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts pursuant to which the obligation of a State to make full reparation for the injury by the internationally wrongful act includes “any damage, whether material or moral”. The commentary […]
Res Judicata in International Arbitration
Res judicata implies that a previous and final judgment is conclusive in subsequent proceedings involving the same (i) parties, (ii) subject matter and (iii) legal grounds, which is also referred to as the “triple-identity criteria”.[1] The principle of res judicata is a general principle of law known both to international law and local law.[2] Like […]
UNCITRAL Expedited Arbitration Rules
On 9 July 2021, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, commonly known as UNCITRAL, adopted the UNCITRAL Expedited Arbitration Rules, which came into force on 19 September 2021 (the “(UNCITRAL) Expedited Rules”). UNCITRAL has also published a Draft Explanatory Note to the Expedited Rules (the “Explanatory Note”), containing useful comments on the application […]
International Arbitration in Kazakhstan
International Arbitration in Kazakhstan is governed by the Law on Arbitration (Law No. 488-V) dated 8 April 2016 (the “Law on Arbitration”). The Law on Arbitration was amended twice since its entrance into force on 19 April 2016, the first time in March 2017 (Article 9.5) and the second time in January 2019, when significant […]
Denial of Justice in International Arbitration
Denial of justice in international arbitration concerns acts or omissions of a State’s judiciary for which a State may be internationally liable. Although the judiciary is a functionally independent body from a State’s executive and government, it is still a State’s organ. As a result, States may be held internationally liable for the acts and […]